Military Influence on the Origins of Therapeutic Exercise. Spain and France, 19th Century: An Historic and Historiographical Overview

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v7i15.473

Keywords:

military exercise, medical or therapeutic exercise, Francisco Amorós, Enlightenment, 19th Century

Abstract

The Army has always been at the forefront of experimentation and innovation, a space to test out new practices, some of which have also permeated civil sphere and contributed to the progress of society. This is certainly true of physical education and exercise, where close collaboration between the military, educators and doctors in all Europe played an essential role in consolidating its status as an educational discipline, as well as a specialised branch in the health care and medical field. From an interdisciplinary perspective, the aim of this article is to shed light on the process linking the origin of modern gymnastics - more perceptibly so in the military sphere - to other contemporary medical and hygienic trends. To do so, the subject of the present study shall be approached chiefly through a wide selection of Spanish and French historiographical papers, in addition to newspaper and bibliographic archives from historical collections kept in Paris and various Spanish institutions. This innovative, comparative and interdisciplinary approach will allow us to draw a map of continuities or reciprocal theoretical-practical influences between these two neighbouring countries, resulting in a shared perspective over military exercise from which stem different kinds of exercise for hygienic, therapeutic, educational and even instructive or patriotic purposes, although the latter two will not be tackled here.

This article discusses how, on the basis of the theoretical foundations of the Enlightenment and modern science, a new physical, gymnastic and moral education, based on a thorough physiological, anatomical and hygienic background, began to permeate European societies in the late 18th and during the 19th centuries –mainly through a number of government but also private initiatives, which in some cases have remained unknown up to this day. By studying the Spanish and French cases together, the aim of the present study is to highlight the crucial role played by certain military figures in the progressive generalisation of guided physical activity in the military sphere and also in civil society, as well as in the transfer of knowledge on this subject within the European Union. 

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Published

2018-12-29

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Vol. 7 No. 15 (2018): La Restauración como fenómeno extra-europeo, 1814-1826

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How to Cite

Military Influence on the Origins of Therapeutic Exercise. Spain and France, 19th Century: An Historic and Historiographical Overview. (2018). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 7(15). https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v7i15.473

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