Empoderadas pero Limitadas: El Papel y la Agencia de las Mujeres Griegas en el Movimiento de Resistencia (1941-1944)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53351/ty5hw653Palabras clave:
Mujeres, Segunda Guerra Mundial, ocupación, resistencia, GreciaResumen
Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1941–1944) y la triple ocupación de Grecia, las mujeres ingresaron en la esfera pública de una manera sin precedentes, a pesar de carecer de derechos políticos. La mayoría se unió o apoyó al Frente de Liberación Nacional (EAM), que combinaba la lucha por la liberación nacional con una visión de mayor igualdad. Inicialmente, las mujeres expandieron sus roles tradicionales hacia la defensa pública, liderando manifestaciones masivas y brindando apoyo crucial al Ejército Popular de Liberación de Grecia (ELAS). En las zonas rurales, el trabajo de las mujeres fue vital para la Grecia Libre, donde obtuvieron derechos de voto y ocuparon cargos de liderazgo local. Organizaciones como Solidaridad Nacional y la Joven Mujer Libre movilizaron a las mujeres para brindar apoyo. Sin embargo, las duras condiciones de la ocupación y las ideologías patriarcales limitaron su papel en las organizaciones de resistencia, mientras que los colaboradores les infligieron una crueldad extrema. Tras la liberación en 1944, la derrota del EAM/ELAS en Atenas desató el Terror Blanco, que se enfocó en mujeres que habían liderado o luchado en la resistencia. Aquellas que se negaron a renunciar a sus acciones enfrentaron tortura, exilio o ejecución. La recuperación social fue aún más interrumpida por la dictadura (1967–1974). Solo después de 1974, en la Tercera República Griega, las mujeres de la resistencia pudieron contar sus historias y preservar su legado para las generaciones futuras.
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